Iiseramics zoshishino, oko kukuthi, iiseramics zemveliso yemveliso kunye neemveliso zoshishino. Luhlobo lweekeramics ezintle, ezinokudlala oomatshini, i-thermal, imichiza kunye neminye imisebenzi kwisicelo. Ngenxa yokuba iiseramics zamashishini zineenzuzo ezininzi, ezifana nokuchasana nobushushu obuphezulu, ukuxhathisa ukubola, ukuxhathisa ukunxiba, ukuxhathisa ukhukuliseko, njl. Baye baba yinto efunekayo kunye neyona nto ibalulekileyo kwinguqu yemveli yoshishino, amashishini asakhulayo kunye namashishini aphezulu. Zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumandla, i-aerospace, oomatshini, iimoto, i-electronics, ishishini lemichiza kunye namanye amacandelo. Amathemba osetyenziso olubanzi. I-Ceramics ene-corrosion resistance resistance kunye nokuzinza kweekhemikhali ekudibaneni ne-enzymes ye-biological isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa i-crucibles, i-heat exchangers kunye ne-biomaterials ezifana namazinyo okufakelwa kwe-lacquer edibeneyo yokunyibilikisa isinyithi. I-Ceramics ene-neutron yokubamba kunye nokufunxwa isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa imathiriyeli yesakhiwo sereactor yenyukliya.
1.I-Calcium oxide ceramics
I-Calcium oxide ceramics yi-ceramics ikakhulu yenziwe nge-calcium oxide.Iipropathi: I-calcium oxide inesakhiwo se-crystal ye-NaCl kunye nobuninzi be-3.08-3.40g / cm kunye ne-melting point ye-2570 C.Inozinzo lwe-thermodynamic kwaye ingasetyenziselwa kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu (2000) C). Inokusabela okuphantsi kunye nokunyibilika kwentsimbi ephezulu esebenzayo kunye nongcoliseko oluncinci yioksijini okanye izinto ezingacocekanga. Imveliso inokumelana ne-corrosion efanelekileyo kwintsimbi etyhidiweyo kunye ne-calcium phosphate phosphate. Inokubunjwa ngokucinezela okomileyo okanye i-grouting.
Isicelo:
1)Sisikhongozeli esibalulekileyo sokunyibilikisa iintsimbi ezingenayo intsimbi, ezifana neplatinam ecocekileyo kunye neuranium.
2)Izitena zeCalcium oxide ezizinziswe yi-titanium dioxide zingasetyenziswa njengemathiriyeli yokwaleka kwiziko elijikelezayo lentsimbi ekrwada yephosphate etyhidiweyo.
3)Ngokumalunga nokuzinza kwe-thermodynamic, i-CaO idlula i-SiO 2, i-MgO, i-Al2O 3 kunye ne-ZrO 2, kwaye iyona nto iphezulu kwi-oxides. Le propati ibonisa ukuba ingasetyenziselwa njenge-crucible yokunyibilikisa isinyithi kunye ne-alloys.
4)Kwinkqubo yokunyibilika kwesinyithi, iisampuli ze-CaO kunye neetyhubhu zokukhusela zingasetyenziselwa, ezisetyenziswa kakhulu ekulawuleni umgangatho okanye ukulawulwa kweqondo lokushisa kwesinyithi esisebenzayo esincibilikayo ezifana ne-titanium alloys ephezulu.
5)Ukongeza koku kungasentla, iiseramics zeCaO zikwafanelekile kwimikhono yokufakelwa kwe-arc yokunyibilika okanye izitya zokulinganisa.
iiengile zokulinga.
I-calcium oxide ineziphene ezimbini:
①Kulula ukusabela ngamanzi okanye i-carbonate emoyeni.
②Inokunyibilika ngeeoksidi ezifana ne-iron oxide kubushushu obuphezulu. Esi senzo se-slagging sisizathu sokuba iikeramics zilula ukugqwala kwaye zibe namandla aphantsi. Ezi ntsilelo nazo zenza kube nzima ukuba i-calcium oxide ceramics isetyenziswe ngokubanzi. Njengeseramikhi, iCaO isekwisiqalo sayo. Inamacala amabini, ngamanye amaxesha izinzile kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ayizinzi. Kwixesha elizayo, sinokucwangcisa ngcono ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwaye siyenze ukuba ijoyine iirenki zeekeramics ngenkqubela yezinto eziluhlaza, ukwenza, ukudubula kunye nobunye ubuchwepheshe.
2. Iiseramikhi zeZircon
I-zircon ceramics ziyi-ceramics ikakhulu zenziwe nge-zircon (ZrSiO4).
Iinkcazelo ngeempawu:I-zircon ceramics inokuxhathisa ukothuka kwe-thermal, ukumelana ne-asidi kunye nokuzinza kweekhemikhali, kodwa ukunganyangeki kwe-alkali. I-coefficient yokwandisa i-thermal kunye ne-thermal conductivity ye-ceramics ye-zircon iphantsi, kwaye amandla abo okugoba angagcinwa kwi-1200-1400 C ngaphandle kokunciphisa, kodwa iimpawu zabo zomatshini zihluphekile. Inkqubo yokuvelisa ifana neyekeramics ezikhethekileyo ngokubanzi.
Isicelo:
1)Njenge-acid refractory, i-zircon isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwi-alkali ephantsi ye-alkali aluminoborosilicate yeglasi yeglasi yebhola yeglasi kunye nemveliso yefiber yeglasi. Ii-ceramics ze-Zircon zineepropati eziphezulu ze-dielectric kunye ne-mechanical, kwaye zinokusetyenziswa njenge-insulators zombane kunye neeplagi ze-spark.
2)Ikakhulu isetyenziselwa ukwenza iiseramikhi zombane ezinobushushu obuphezulu, izikhephe zekeramic, izikhenkcezisi, ipleyiti etshisayo yobushushu obuphezulu, ingilazi yesithando somlilo, iiseramikhi zemitha ye-infrared, njl.
3)Inokwenziwa kwiimveliso ezinodonga oluncinci - i-crucible, i-sleeve ye-thermocouple, i-nozzle, iimveliso ezinodonga olungqingqwa - udaka, njl.
4)Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba i-zircon ine-chemical stability, i-mechanical stability, i-thermal stability kunye nokuzinza kwe-radiation. Inokunyamezela okulungileyo kwi-actinides efana ne-U, i-Pu, i-Am, i-Np, i-Nd kunye ne-Pa. Yinto efanelekileyo ephakathi kwezinto zokuqinisa inkunkuma ye-radioactive (HLW) kwi-steel system.
Okwangoku, uphando malunga nobudlelwane phakathi kwenkqubo yokuvelisa kunye neempawu zomatshini we-zircon ceramics ayikabikwa, nto leyo ethintela ukuqhubela phambili ukufundwa kweepropati zayo ukuya kwinqanaba elithile kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-zircon ceramics.
3. Iiseramikhi zelithium oxide
Iiseramics zeLithium oxide zezekeramics ezona nxalenye ziphambili ziyiLi2O, iAl2O3 kunye neSiO2. Izinto eziphambili zamaminerali eziqukethe i-Li2O kwindalo ziyi-spodumene, i-lithium-permeable feldspar, i-lithium-phosphorite, i-lithium mica kunye ne-nepheline.
Iipropati: Izigaba eziphambili ze-crystalline ze-lithium oxide ceramics ziyi-nepheline kunye ne-spodumene, ezibonakaliswa ngumlinganiso ophantsi wokwandisa i-thermal kunye nokumelana nokutshatyalaliswa kwe-thermal. iglasi.
Isicelo:Ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza izitena ze-lining, ii-tubes zokukhusela i-thermocouple, iingxenye zeqondo lokushisa rhoqo, izixhobo zebhubhoratri, izixhobo zokupheka, njl. I-Li2O-A12O3-SiO 2 (i-LAS) izixhobo ze-series ziyi-ceramics zokwandiswa okuphantsi, ezinokusetyenziswa njengezinto ezixhathisa ukutshitshiswa kwe-thermal, i-Li2O inokusetyenziswa njenge-ceramic binder, kwaye ibe nexabiso lesicelo kwi-glass industry.
4. Iiseramikhi zeCeria
Iiseramics ze-cerium oxide ziiseramics ezine-cerium oxide njengenxalenye ephambili.
Iinkcazelo ngeempawu:Imveliso ine-gravity ethile ye-7.73 kunye ne-melting point ye-2600 ℃.Iya kuba yi-Ce2O3 ekunciphiseni umoya, kwaye indawo yokuncibilika iya kuncitshiswa ukusuka kwi-2600 ℃ ukuya kwi-1690℃. Ukuxhathisa yi-2 x 10 ohm cm kwi-700 ℃ kunye ne-20 ohm cm kwi-1200 ℃. Okwangoku, kukho iindlela ezininzi zetekhnoloji zenkqubo yemveliso ye-cerium oxide e-China ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:I-Chemical oxidation, kuquka i-air oxidation kunye ne-potassium permanganate oxidation;Indlela yokutshisa i-oxidation.
Indlela yokwahlula i-extraction
Isicelo:
1)Ingasetyenziselwa njengento yokufudumeza, i-crucible yokunyibilikisa isinyithi kunye ne-semiconductor, umkhono we-thermocouple, njl.
2)Ingasetyenziswa njengezinto zokuncedisa kwi-silicon nitride ceramics, kunye ne-aluminiyam elungisiweyo ye-titanate yekeramics ehlanganisiweyo, kunye ne-CeO 2 yinto efanelekileyo yokuqina.
ukuzinzisa.
3)I-Rare earth tricolor phosphor ene-99.99% i-CeO 2 luhlobo lwemathiriyeli ekhanyayo yesibane sokugcina amandla, esinokukhanya okuphezulu kokukhanya, ukunikezelwa kombala okulungileyo kunye nobomi obude.
4)I-CeO 2 ipowder yokupholisha eneqhekeza elikhulu kune-99% inobunzima obuphezulu, i-particle encinci kunye ne-uniform particle size kunye ne-crystal e-angular, efanelekileyo kwi-high-speed polishing yeglasi.
5)Ukusebenzisa i-98% ye-CeO 2 njenge-decolorizer kunye ne-clarifier kunokuphucula umgangatho kunye neempawu zeglasi kwaye ziyenze ibe yinto esebenzayo.
6)I-ceria ceramics inozinzo olubi lwe-thermal kunye novakalelo olunamandla kwi-atmosfera, ethintela ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwinqanaba elithile.
5. I-thorium oxide ceramics
I-thorium oxide ceramics ibhekisela kwiiseramics ezine-THO2 njengenxalenye ephambili.
Iinkcazelo ngeempawu:I-thorium oxide ecocekileyo yi-cubic crystal system, isakhiwo sohlobo lwe-fluorite, i-coefficient yokwandiswa kwe-thermal ye-thorium oxide ceramics inkulu, 9.2 * 10 / ℃ kwi-25-1000 ℃, i-thermal conductivity iphantsi, 0.105 J / (cm.s ℃at I-100 ℃, ukuzinza kwe-thermal kubi, kodwa ubushushu bokunyibilika bunjalo phezulu, i-conductivity ephezulu yokushisa ilungile, kwaye kukho i-radioactivity (i-10% yesisombululo se-PVA njenge-agent yokumiswa) okanye ukucinezela (i-20% thorium tetrachloride njenge-binder) ingasetyenziswa kwinkqubo yokwenza.
Isicelo:Isetyenziswa kakhulu njenge-crucible yokunyibilikisa i-osmium, i-rhodium ecocekileyo kunye ne-radium yokucoca, njengento yokufudumeza, njengomthombo wokukhangela, umthunzi wesibane se-incandescent, okanye njenge-nuclear fuel, njenge-cathode ye-electronic tube, i-electrode yokunyibilika kwe-arc, njl.
6. IiCeramics zeAlumina
Ngokomahluko wesigaba esiphambili se-crystalline kwi-ceramic billet, inokwahlulwa ibe yi-corundum porcelain, i-corundum-mullite porcelain kunye ne-mullite porcelain. Inokwahlulwa ibe yi-75, 95 kunye ne-99 yekeramics ngokweqhekeza elikhulu le-AL2O3.
Isicelo:
Iiseramics ze-alumina zinendawo ephezulu yokunyibilika, ubunzima obuphezulu, amandla aphezulu, ukumelana nokugqwesa kweekhemikhali kunye neempawu zedielectric. Nangona kunjalo, inobunkunkqele obuphezulu, ukunganyangeki kwempembelelo embi kunye nokuxhathisa ukothuka kwe-thermal, kwaye ayikwazi ukumelana notshintsho olumandla kwiqondo lobushushu. Ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza iityhubhu zesithando somlilo esiphakamileyo, ii-linings, iiplagi zentlantsi yeenjini zokutsha zangaphakathi, izixhobo zokusika ezinobulukhuni obuphezulu, kunye nemikhono yokukhusela i-thermocouple.
7. Iiceramics ze-silicon carbide
I-Silicon carbide ceramics ibonakaliswe ngamandla obushushu obuphezulu, i-thermal conductivity ephezulu, ukumelana nokunxiba okuphezulu, ukumelana nokugqwala kunye nokumelana nokunyuka. Zihlala zisetyenziswa njengezinto zokushisa eziphezulu zokushisa kwiinkalo zokhuselo lwesizwe kunye neNzululwazi ye-Aerospace kunye neteknoloji. Zisetyenziselwa ukwenza iindawo zobushushu obuphezulu obunje ngemilomo yemilomo yerokethi, imiqala yokuphosa isinyithi, iibhubhu ze-thermocouple kunye neetyhubhu zomlilo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-16-2019