ʻO nā keramika ʻoihana, ʻo ia hoʻi, nā seramika no ka hana ʻoihana a me nā huahana ʻoihana. He ʻano o nā seramika maikaʻi, hiki ke pāʻani i ka mechanical, thermal, chemical a me nā hana ʻē aʻe i ka noi. No ka mea he ʻano pono nā ceramics ʻoihana, e like me ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe o ka wela, ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion, ka pale ʻana i ka ʻaʻahu, ke kū ʻana o ka erosion, etc. Ua lilo lākou i mea koʻikoʻi a koʻikoʻi i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ʻoihana kuʻuna, nā ʻoihana e kū mai ana a me nā ʻoihana kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻohana nui ʻia lākou i ka ikehu, aerospace, mīkini, kaʻa, uila, ʻoihana kemika a me nā māla ʻē aʻe. Nā manaʻo noiʻi ākea. Hoʻohana ʻia nā ceramics me ke kūpaʻa corrosion maikaʻi a me ke kūpaʻa kemika i ka hoʻopili ʻana me nā enzyme biological e hana i nā crucibles, nā mea hoʻololi wela a me nā biomaterials e like me nā hui lacquer artificial niho no ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i nā metala. Hoʻohana ʻia nā seramika me ka hopu neutron kū hoʻokahi a me ka absorption e hana i nā ʻano mea hoʻolālā nuklea.
1.Calcium oxide keramika
ʻO nā ceramics calcium oxide ka mea nui i haku ʻia me ka calcium oxide. Properties: Loaʻa i ka calcium oxide ka hoʻolālā aniani NaCl me ka density o 3.08-3.40g/cm a me kahi helu heheʻe o 2570 C. He thermodynamic stability a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i ke kiʻekiʻe wela (2000). C). Loaʻa ka hopena haʻahaʻa me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe metala ikaika a emi ʻole ka pollution e ka oxygen a i ʻole nā mea haumia. He maikaʻi ke kūpale ʻana o ka huahana i ka metala hehee a me ka calcium phosphate. Hiki ke hana ʻia ma ke kaomi maloʻo a i ʻole ka grouting.
Noi:
1)He pahu koʻikoʻi ia no ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i nā metala non-ferrous, e like me ka platinum maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe a me ka uranium.
2)Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā pōhaku lepo calcium oxide i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e ka titanium dioxide e like me ke ʻano o nā mea uhi no ka rotary kiln o ka ʻaila phosphate hehee.
3)Ma ke ʻano o ke kūpaʻa thermodynamic, ʻoi aku ka CaO iā SiO 2, MgO, Al2O 3 a me ZrO 2, a ʻo ia ka mea kiʻekiʻe loa i nā oxides. Hōʻike kēia waiwai i hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he crucible no ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i nā metala a me nā alloys.
4)I ke kaʻina o ka hoʻoheheʻe metala, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hoʻohālike CaO a me nā paipu pale, i hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka hoʻokele maikaʻi a i ʻole ka mālama ʻana i ka mahana o nā mea hoʻoheheʻe metala ikaika e like me nā alloys titanium kiʻekiʻe.
5)Ma waho aʻe o ka mea i luna, kūpono hoʻi nā seramika CaO no nā lima insulation no ka hoʻoheheʻe arc a i ʻole nā moku no ke kaupaona ʻana.
nā kihi hoʻokolohua.
ʻElua mau hemahema o ka calcium oxide:
①He maʻalahi ke hana me ka wai a i ʻole ka carbonate i ka lewa.
②Hiki iā ia ke hoʻoheheʻe me nā oxides e like me ka hao hao i ka wela kiʻekiʻe. ʻO kēia hana slagging ke kumu e maʻalahi ai ka palaka a me ka ikaika haʻahaʻa. He mea paʻakikī kēia mau hemahema i ka hoʻohana nui ʻana i nā ceramics calcium oxide. Ma ke ʻano he seramika, aia nō ʻo CaO i kona wā kamaliʻi. He ʻelua ʻaoʻao, paʻa i kekahi manawa a paʻa ʻole i kekahi manawa. I ka wā e hiki mai ana, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻolālā maikaʻi i kāna hoʻohana ʻana a hoʻohui iā ia i ka pae o nā seramika ma o ka holomua ʻana o nā mea maka, ka hana ʻana, ke kī ʻana a me nā ʻenehana ʻē aʻe.
2. Zircon seramika
ʻO nā seramika Zircon ka mea nui i haku ʻia me ka zircon (ZrSiO4).
Nā waiwai:Loaʻa i nā seramika Zircon ke kūpaʻa haʻalulu maikaʻi, ka pale ʻana i ka waikawa a me ke kūpaʻa kemika, akā maikaʻi ʻole ka pale alkali. He haʻahaʻa ka helu hoʻonui wela a me ka conductivity thermal o nā seramika zircon, a hiki ke mālama ʻia ko lākou ikaika kulou ma 1200-1400 C me ka ʻole o ka emi ʻana, akā ʻilihune ko lākou mau waiwai. Ua like ke kaʻina hana me nā seramika kūikawā maʻamau.
Noi:
1)Ma ke ʻano he refractory acid, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia ka zircon i nā kīʻaha aniani aluminoborosilicate alkali haʻahaʻa no ke aniani pōpō a me ka hana aniani fiber. Loaʻa i ka zircon ceramics nā waiwai dielectric kiʻekiʻe a me ka mechanical, a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e like me nā insulators uila a me nā plug spark.
2)Hoʻohana nui ʻia no ka hana ʻana i nā seramika uila kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, nā moku seramika, nā crucibles, kiln wela wela kiʻekiʻe, ka uhi ʻana o ka umu ahi, infrared radiation ceramics, etc.
3)Hiki ke hana ʻia i nā huahana pā lahilahi - crucible, thermocouple sleeve, nozzle, nā mea pā mānoanoa - mortar, etc.
4)Hōʻike nā hopena i loaʻa i ka zircon ke kūpaʻa kemika, kūpaʻa mechanical, kūpaʻa wela a me ke kūpaʻa radiation. Loaʻa iā ia ka hoʻomanawanui maikaʻi i nā actinides e like me U, Pu, Am, Np, Nd a me Pa. He mea kūpono ia no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā ʻōpala radioactive kiʻekiʻe (HLW) i loko o ka ʻōnaehana kila.
I kēia manawa, ʻaʻole i hōʻike ʻia ka noiʻi e pili ana i ka pilina ma waena o ke kaʻina hana a me nā waiwai mechanical o ka zircon ceramics, ka mea e keakea nei i ka noiʻi hou ʻana o kāna mau waiwai i kekahi ʻano a kaupalena i ka noi ʻana o nā seramika zircon.
3. Lithium oxide keramika
ʻO nā seramika Lithium oxide nā seramika nona nā mea nui ʻo Li2O, Al2O3 a me SiO2. ʻO nā mea mineral nui i loaʻa iā Li2O ma ke ʻano he spodumene, lithium-permeable feldspar, lithium-phosphorite, lithium mica a me nepheline.
Waiwai: He nepheline a me spodumene ka nui o ka crystalline phases oflithium oxide ceramics, ka mea i ikeia e ka haʻahaʻa thermal expansion coefficient a me ka maikaʻi thermal shock resistance.Li2O he ʻano oxide ma waho o ka pūnaewele, hiki ke hoʻoikaika i ka pūnaewele aniani a hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi i ka paʻa kemika o aniani.
Noi:Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka hana ʻana i nā pōhaku lepo, nā paipu pale thermocouple, nā ʻāpana wela mau, nā mea hana hale hana, nā ipu kuke, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe o nā umu uila (ʻoi loa ka induction furnaces). Li2O-A12O3-SiO 2 (LAS) moʻo mea he typical haʻahaʻa hoʻonui seramics, i hiki ke hoʻohana 'ia e like me thermal hoʻopūhoihoi kumu kū'ē, Li2O hiki ke hoʻohana 'ia me ka ceramic binder, a loaʻa ka waiwai noi i loko o ke aniani oihana.
4. Ceria keramika
ʻO ka cerium oxide ceramics nā seramika me ka cerium oxide ka mea nui.
Nā waiwai:Loaʻa i ka huahana ka umekaumaha kikoʻī o 7.73 a me kahi helu heheʻe o 2600 ℃. E lilo ia i Ce2O3 i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka lewa, a e hoʻemi ʻia ka helu heheʻe mai 2600 ℃ a 1690 ℃. ʻO ka resistivity he 2 x 10 ohm cm ma 700 ℃ a me 20 ohm cm ma 1200 ℃. I kēia manawa, aia kekahi mau ʻenehana kaʻina hana maʻamau no ka hana ʻana i ka cerium oxide ma Kina e like me kēia: ʻO ka hoʻoheheʻe kemika, me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka ea a me ka hoʻoheheʻe potassium permanganate;
ʻano hoʻokaʻawale unuhi
Noi:
1)Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e like me ka mea wela, crucible no ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka metala a me ka semiconductor, ka lima thermocouple, etc.
2)Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e like me ke kōkua sintering no ka silicon nitride ceramics, a me ka alumini titanate composite ceramics i hoʻololi ʻia, a ʻo CeO 2 kahi mea paʻakikī kūpono.
mea hoʻopaʻa.
3)ʻO ka phosphor tricolor rare honua me 99.99% CeO 2 he ʻano mea luminous no ke kukui mālama ʻana i ka ikehu, he kiʻekiʻe ka māmā māmā, ke kala kala maikaʻi a me ke ola lōʻihi.
4)ʻO CeO 2 polishing pauda me ka hapa nui ma mua o 99% he kiʻekiʻe ka paʻakikī, ka liʻiliʻi a me ka nui o ka nui a me ke aniani angular, i kūpono no ka poli kiʻekiʻe o ke aniani.
5)Ke hoʻohana nei i ka 98% CeO 2 e like me ka decolorizer a me ka clarifier hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maikaʻi a me nā waiwai o ke aniani a hoʻomaʻamaʻa.
6)Loaʻa i ka Ceria ceramics ka paʻa wela maikaʻi ʻole a me ka naʻau ikaika i ka lewa, e kaupalena ana i kona hoʻohana ʻana i kekahi ʻano.
5. ʻO nā seramika Thorium oxide
Hōʻike nā seramika Thorium oxide i nā seramika me ThO2 ka mea nui.
Nā waiwai:ʻO ka thorium oxide maʻemaʻe he ʻōnaehana kristal cubic, ʻano ʻano fluorite, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka nui o ka hoʻonui wela o ka thorium oxide ceramics, 9.2 * 10 / ℃ ma 25-1000 ℃, haʻahaʻa ka conductivity thermal, 0.105 J / (cm.s ℃at. 100 ℃, maikaʻi ke kūpaʻa wela, akā kiʻekiʻe ka wela hoʻoheheʻe, maikaʻi ka conductivity kiʻekiʻe, a aia radioactivity.
Noi:Hoʻohana nui ʻia e like me ka crucible no ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka osmium, ka rhodium maʻemaʻe a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka radium, e like me ka mea hoʻomehana, ma ke ʻano he kumu hulina, ka malu kukui, a i ʻole he wahie nuklea, e like me ka cathode o ka uila uila, electrode no ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, etc.
6. ʻAlumina Ceramics
E like me ka ʻokoʻa o ka mahele crystalline nui i ka billet ceramic, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ka porcelain corundum, corundum-mullite porcelain a me mullite porcelain. Hiki ke puunaueia i 75, 95 a me 99 mau seramika e like me ka hakina nui o AL2O3.
Noi:
He kiʻekiʻe ka helu heheʻe ʻana o ka alumina seramika, ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe, ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe, ke kūpaʻa kino kino maikaʻi a me nā waiwai dielectric. Eia nō naʻe, loaʻa iā ia ka brittleness kiʻekiʻe, ke kū ʻana i ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole a me ke kūpaʻa haʻalulu wela, a ʻaʻole hiki ke pale i nā loli drastic i ka mahana ambient. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka hana ʻana i nā paipu umu wela kiʻekiʻe, nā linings, nā pahu kukui o nā ʻenekini hoʻopau i loko, nā mea hana ʻoki ʻoki me ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe, a me nā lima lima insulating thermocouple.
7. ʻO nā seramika silika carbide
Hōʻike ʻia ka silikon carbide ceramics e ka ikaika wela kiʻekiʻe, kiʻekiʻe thermal conductivity, kiʻekiʻe ʻaʻahu pale pale, corrosion kū'ē a me ka creep kū'ē. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia lākou ma ke ʻano he kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka sintering mea hana ma ke kahua o ka pale aupuni a me ka Aerospace Science a me ka ʻenehana. Hoʻohana ʻia lākou e hana i nā ʻāpana wela kiʻekiʻe e like me nā nozzles no nā nozzles rocket, nā ʻāʻī no ka hoʻolei ʻana i ka metala, nā thermocouple bushings a me nā paipu umu.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Nov-16-2019